Branched-chain amino acids, being essential amino acids, must be consumed through diet as the body does not synthesize them endogenously.

As an ergogenic aid, their multiple actions include:

• Minimizing muscle catabolism during intense and/or prolonged exercise (and generally in any situation of high wear and tear) where protein degradation occurs as a way to obtain energy.
• Promoting recovery by increasing protein synthesis.
  

• They compete with tryptophan for transport to the brain, decreasing serotonin synthesis and potentially delaying central fatigue.

The 4:1:1 ratio refers to the proportion of amino acids in the product (Leucine:Isoleucine:Valine). This ensures a high intake of leucine, the main activator of the mTOR pathway for protein synthesis. Vitamin B6 allows amino acid metabolism to function correctly.